草木皆兵的典故?

草木皆兵 东晋的时候，北方的前秦王苻坚，想要征服中原，统一天下。 公元383 年 ，他调兵90 万大军浩浩荡荡地迫进淮河，进攻东晋。 弱小的东晋沉着应敌。大将谢石、谢玄率兵去淮河迎战。 前秦王苻坚觉得自己有百万强兵，粮草堆积如山，打一个弱小的晋朝是不费吹灰之力的，而且应首战告捷，一举攻占寿阳。苻坚自信必胜，于是派东晋降将朱序去谢营劝降，可是朱序到了那里不但没劝降反而告诉谢石说 ：“秦军虽夸口说有百万强兵，可大部分还在路上，如果现在乘秦大军未到，迅速打过去，败其先锋，后军锐气就可弱 。”于是谢石立刻派部下刘牢率精兵5 万趁着天黑，渡过洛涧奇袭秦军，结果苻坚的军队大败。 苻坚吃了败仗，勃然大怒，他登上城楼，朝淝水南岸的晋军望去，不由地打了个冷战。苻坚远远望见晋军队伍整齐，士气高昂。再看，八公山上草木丛丛，迎风摇曳，他以为那是晋兵，不觉惴惴不安，自言自语道：“晋兵真不少啊。” 后来秦军士气极度低落，苻坚的指挥已无能为力，结果秦军全线崩溃，苻坚中箭逃回洛阳，一路上“风声鹤唳，草木皆兵”。 从此前秦王朝日趋瓦解。

东晋时代，秦王苻坚控制了北部中国。公元383年，苻坚率领步兵、骑兵90万，攻打江南的晋朝。晋军大将谢石、谢玄领兵8万前去抵抗。苻坚得知晋军兵力不足，就想以多胜少，抓住机会，迅速出击。　　谁料，苻坚的先锋部队25万在寿春一带被晋军出奇击败，损失惨重，大将被杀，士兵死伤万余。秦军的锐气大挫，军心动摇，士兵惊恐万状，纷纷逃跑。此时，苻坚在寿春城上望见晋军队伍严整，士气高昂，再北望八公山，只见山上一草一木都像晋军的士兵一样。苻坚回过头对弟弟说：“这是多么强大的敌人啊！怎么能说晋军兵力不足呢？”他后悔自己过于轻敌了。　　出师不利给苻坚心头蒙上了不祥的阴影，他令部队靠淝水北岸布阵，企图凭借地理优势扭转战局。这时晋军将领谢玄提出要求，要秦军稍往后退，让出一点地方，以便渡河作战。苻坚暗笑晋军将领不懂作战常识，想利用晋军忙于渡河难于作战之机，给它来个突然袭击，于是欣然接受了晋军的请求。　　谁知，后退的军令一下，秦军如潮水一般溃不成军，而晋军则趁势渡河追击，把秦军杀得丢盔弃甲，尸横遍地。苻坚中箭而逃。　　故事出自《晋书・苻坚・载记》。成语“草木皆兵”，形容神经过敏、疑神疑鬼的惊恐心理。Every Bush and Tree Looks Like an EnemyDuring the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Fu Jian, king of the State of Qin, controlled northern China. In the year383, Fu Jian led 900,000 infantry and cavalry troops to assault the State of Jin which was south of the Yangtze River. Xie Shi and Xie Xuan, senior generals of the Jin army, led 80,000 troops to offer resistance. Knowing that the Jin army was short of men, Fu Jian wanted to seize this opportunity of being much more numerous in armed forces to stage a quick attack.Unexpectedly, the van of Fu Jian's army of 250,000 troops was defeated in the Shouchun area by an ingenious military move of the Jin army and suffered heavy losses. The senior general of the van of Fu Jian's army was killed, and there were heavy casualties of more than 10,000 soldiers. Fu Jian's army was dispirited and its morale was shaken. Many soldiers were in such a great panic that they waited for opportunities to run away. Standing on the city wall of the Shouchun City, Fu Jian and his brother Fu Rong saw that the ranks of the Jin army were in good order and that the morale of the Jin army was high. Turning to his brother, Fu Jian said, "What a powerful enemy this is! Why did people say that the Jin army was short of men?" He deeply regretted that he had taken the enemy too lightly.Overshadowed by the disastrous defeat, Fu Jian ordered his troops to be deployed in battle formation on the north side of the Feishui River, in an attempt to regain the initiative by relying on the superior geographical conditions. Then Xie Shi and Xie Xuan, the senior generals of the Jin army, suggested that Fu Jian's army retreat a little bit, leaving some space, so that the Jin army could cross the river to conduct ooperations. Fu Jian thought that his chance had come, believing that the senior generals of the Jin army did not have the elementary knowledge of warfare. It was his plan to stage a sudden attack while the troops of the Jin army was busy crossing the river, and he was sure that his plan would word. So he willingly accepted the suggestion of the Jin army.Unexpectedly, the moment the order to retreat was given, Fu Jian's troops were utterly routed and could by no means be controlled. Taking advantage of this favorable situation, the Jin army crossed the river, pursuing and attacking the enemy. The trooops of Fu Jian's army threw away everything in headlong flight, and the field was littered with the corpses of the soldiers of Fu Jian's army. Fu Rong was killed in the tangled fighting, and Fu Jian was hit by an arrow and ran away. The Jin army won a brilliant victory by defeating a big army with its limited armed forces.This story comes from "The Life of Fu Jian" in the volume "Records" of The History of the Jin Dynasty. The set phrase "every bush and tree looks like an enemy" is subsequently used to refer to a state of extreme nervousness.